Malaysian Legal System Introduction to Law

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA-FAKULTI FILEM TEATER & ANIMASI-ZOOM NOTES MALAYSIAN LEGAL SYSTEM+INTRODUCTION TO LAW Sources of Law:  statutes, law reports, text books,  religious beliefs, local customs, opinion of jurists ? Law & Morality:Overlaps/Differs from Society e. g-gayism/illicit samsu-S’wak/P’sular ? Law & Justice:Uphold justice & depends on locality e. g rampancy ? Federal Constitution (lex locci)/  Written Constitution ? Highest Law of the land ?  Ã‚  Malaysian/human rights/liberty ?  Ã‚  Any laws against the Federal Constitution-null & void ? e. : retrospective penal provision/trial by the same offence/represented by a  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  legal practitioner – 24hrs MALAYSIAN LEGAL SYSTEM-MAXIM:CHECK & BALANCE/MONTESQIEU ?  Ã‚  JUDICIARY ?  Ã‚  EXECUTIVE ?  Ã‚  LEGISTLATIVE TYPES OF LAW: ?  Ã‚  Written Law-e. g. acts/Unwritten Law-  e. g. courts decicion ? Public Law  e. g. criminal law  /  Private Law  e. g. contract law ? Binding Precedent:Higher Court binds the lower ?  Ã‚  PersuasivePrecedent:Courts of the same level: persuasive LAW OF CONTRACT ELEMENTS:- 1. Offer To be distinguished from ‘invitation to treat’:Advertisement 2.Acceptance 3. Intention to create legal relationship Mere promise for lunch treat is NOT binding 4. Consideration Except: Natural Love & Affection:e. g. Father to Son 5. Certainty 6. Capacity-Sound Mind MINOR General principle is not binding & restricted to the followings: ? contracts for necessaries  Ã¢â‚¬â€œeg: contracts to have food, clothes & purpose of education. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  contracts for scholarship  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ a scholarship agreement  Ã‚  is valid. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  contracts for insurance –  under the Insurance Act,1963, an infant over the age of 10 may enter into a contract of insurance.H/e, if he is below 16, he can only do so with the written consent of his parents or guardian. CONTRACT: VALID:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  SAH VOID:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  BATAL VODABLE:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  BOLEH BATAL; VOIDABLE:If proven the existence of these elements: ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  COERCION  (paksaan) ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  UNDUE INFLUENCE  (tidak sewajar atau sepatutnya) ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  FRAUD  (penipuan) ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  MISREPRESENTATION  (gambaran yang salah) ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  MISTAKE  (kesilapan) LAW OF TORTS ELEMENTS:DUTY OF CARE- NOT TO BREACHED/TO ACT REASONABLY 1. NEGLIGENCE 2. TRESPASS Trespass to person/trespass to land / goods. Trespass to persons : ? Assault; ?  Ã‚  battery;   Ã‚  false imprisonment. â€Å"TRESSPASSERS SHALL BE LIABLE  NOT  PROSECUTED† 3. NUISANCE i. public nuisance ii. private nuisance. 4. DEFAMATION ?  Ã‚  LIBEL- publication ?  Ã‚  SLANDER-words ? GENERAL DEFENCES (EXCEPTIONS) NEGATING LIABILITY IN TORT  Ã‚  : 1)  Ã‚  VOLENTI NON FIT INJURIA  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  MISTA KE 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  INEVITABLE ACCIDENT  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  ACT OF GOD 5)  Ã‚  Ã‚  PRIVATE DEFENCE  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  . 6)  Ã‚  Ã‚  NECESSITY 7)  Ã‚  Ã‚  STATUTORY CONTRACT| TORT| 2 sides/ parties| Maybe More than 2parties| Written/Unwritten| No written aggreement required| Remedy: Damages| Remedy: Damages| Duty: Contractual Duty| Duty: Duty of Care|COMPANY,PARTNERSHIP & SOLE PROPRIETOR SOLE PROPRIETOR †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  SOLE PROPRIETOR-ENTERPRISE †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  REGISTRATION-LOW FEES †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  EASY TO OPERATE †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  MOST COMMON †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  BUSINESS/INDIVIDUAL/ENTERPRISE= SAME ENTITY †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  RESOURCES:OWN/FRIENDS/FAMILY †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 MAN SHOW †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  FAST ON DECISION-START/CEASE †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  OPERATE FROM HOME/NO OFFICE PARTNERSHIP †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  PARTNERSHIP-TEAM UP;RESOURCES-TANGIBLE/INTANGIBLE †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  BIGGER SCALE †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  RESOURCES-TANGIBLE/INTANGIBLE †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  POPULAR AMONG PROFESSIONALS †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  LIABILITY/PROFIT SHARED   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  PARTNERSHIP- NO AGREEMENT-PRESUMPTION=EQUALLY LIABLE †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  PARTNERSHIP-WITH AGREEMENT-ACCORDING TO AGREEMENT †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  PARTNER ACTING ON BEHALF OF PARTNERSHIP-BINDING †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  PERSONAL ASSET=LIABLE COMPANY †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  COMPANY-SEPARATE ENTITY †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  RESOURCES-CAPITAL-PAID UP/AUTHORISED †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  DOCUMENTATIONS:MEMORANDUM/ARTICLE †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  REGISTERED OFFICE †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  COSTLY †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  COMPANY SECRETARY †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  RESOLUTIONS-LOANS? FINANCING? †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  PERSONAL ASSET/COMPANY ASSET †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  AUDITED /ANNUAL MEETING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY * REAL PRORERTY- Building/chattels/land/house=tangible PERSONAL PROPERTY-Jewelleries,laptops,handphones/cars=tangible * INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY-the  intangible  product of one person’s work by hand/brain against unauthorized use or exploitation by another ? Berne Copyright Convention  1886:135  Ã‚  countries PROTECTION-INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY:e. g. to be protected ?  Ã‚  PATENT ?  Ã‚  TRADEMARK ?  Ã‚  INDUSTRIAL DESIGN ?  Ã‚  CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATI ON ?  Ã‚  TRADE SECRET ?  Ã‚  COPYRIGHT ?  Ã‚  GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATOR ?  Ã‚  INTERGRATED CIRCUIT ?  Ã‚  INDUSTRIAL  Ã‚  DESIGN Section 7 of the Act, Copyright Act includes: ?  Ã‚  literary works ?  Ã‚  musical works ?  Ã‚  artistic works ?  Ã‚  films ?  Ã‚  sound recordings   Ã‚  broadcasts PRE REQUISITE FOR PROTECTION: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sec 7 (3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ORIGINAL/GENUINE †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sec 8 (3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  MATERIAL FORM †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sec 17  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  DURATION:  Ã‚  50 YRS AFTER DEATH MULTIMEDIA LAW Technology * â€Å"A body of knowledge used to create tools, develop skills & extract or collect materials† * â€Å"An evolution of idea† * â€Å"Impacting the world-creating new wealth, reshaping economy & social policy† General-New  Ã‚  Media * Email * Social network * Video conference * Digitalisation -Nothing can replace face t o face communication -Cost effective-travel/ accessible large group -New skills required Same effect-â€Å"on line† & â€Å"off line† -Virtual -No barrier Privacy ‘The right to be left alone’ Tresspass to:- * Personal Data-biological/genetics : DNA /banks * Freedom-human rights * Privacy-private life Remedy ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Federal Constitution ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Civil Proceedings ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Penal Code ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Personal Data Protection Act ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Communication & Multimedia Act Malaysian Regulatory  Ã‚  Body â€Å"Suruhanjaya Komunikasi Multimedia†-THE AUTHORITY e. g. All cellular phone accounts need to be registered JURISDICTION: –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Post/courier –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Energy –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Telecoms –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Digital certification authorities